Abstract Natural spawning of the leopard grouper (Mycteroperca rosacea) was studied in captivity from 2004 to 2008 under natural photoperiod conditions. Fish spawned naturally in 2006, but only 90,000 unfertilized eggs were collected. A total of 43 and 27 spawning days were observed in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Spawning season began in March and lasted until May-June and was related to an increase in water temperature from 21.1 to 23.8 °C. The mean (SE) number of eggs released each day was 101,705 (13,876) in 2007 and 40,510 (7,874) in 2008, and the total number of eggs collected in 2007 and 2008 was 4.37 × 106and 1.07 × 106, respectively. The number of eggs collected per month was not significantly different within each year (P> 0.05), although a significant difference was observed between 2007 and 2008 (P< 0.05). The annual relative number of eggs released was 288,750 eggs·kg-1in 2007 and 72,919 eggs·kg-1in 2008, and viable egg production was 184,800 eggs kg-1in 2007 and 25,375 eggs kg-1in 2008. The fertilization rate (%) of the eggs collected daily differed significantly throughout the spawning season of 2007 (P< 0.05). The fertilization rate also differed (P< 0.05) between 2007 (61.10%) and 2008 (32.30%). Statistical analysis of the 2 consecutive spawning seasons indicated no correlation between the fertilization rate and fecundity. The effect of the moon phase on spawning was also considered. The fish spawned at dusk before total darkness. Mean (SD) egg diameter was 864.0 ± 22.0 µm.

Resumen Se estudió el desove natural de la cabrilla sardinera,Mycteroperca rosacea, en cautiverio, de 2004 a 2008 en condiciones naturales de luz y temperatura. Los peces desovaron naturalmente en 2006, pero solo se recolectaron 90,000 huevos no fertilizados. Se observó un total de 43 días de desove en 2007 y 27 días en 2008. La temporada de desove comenzó en marzo y se prolongó hasta mayo-junio, lo cual se relacionó con un aumento en la temperatura del agua de 21.1 a 23.8 °C. La media (error estándar) del número de huevos liberados diariamente fue de 101,705 (13,876) en 2007 y 40,510 (7,874) en 2008, y el número total de huevos recolectados fue de 4.37 × 106y 1.07 × 106, respectivamente. El número de huevos recolectados por mes no fue significativamente diferente dentro de cada año (P> 0.05), pero sí al comparar 2007 y 2008 (P< 0.05). La puesta relativa anual fue de 288,750 huevos·kg-1en 2007 y 72,919 huevos·kg-1en 2008, y la producción de huevos viables fue de 184,800 huevos·kg-1en 2007 y 25,375 huevos·kg-1en 2008. La tasa de fertilización (%) de los huevos recolectados diariamente fue significativamente diferente a lo largo de la temporada de desove de 2007 (P< 0.05). La tasa de fertilización también difirió significativamente (P< 0.05) entre 2007 (61.10%) y 2008 (32.30%). El análisis estadístico indicó que no hubo correlación entre la tasa de fertilización y el número de huevos liberados en ambas temporadas de desove. El efecto de la luna sobre el desove también se analiza en el documento. Durante todo el estudio, los peces desovaron al anochecer antes de la oscuridad total. El diámetro medio (± desviación estándar) del huevo fue de 864.0 ± 22.0 µm.

Resumen Las bebidas vegetales de soja constituyen una alternativa dentro de la dieta habitual. Sin embargo, existe la preocupación de potenciales efectos en la salud reproductiva de la mujer por mecanismos de disrupción endócrina. En esta revisión se evalúan documentos científicos en el área de la Ginecología y la Obstetricia bajo el tamiz de la medicina basada en la evidencia, respondiendo preguntas estructuradas. La metodología se apegó a las guías establecidas por la declaración PRISMA 2020. Los estudios evaluados descartan un riesgo incrementado de pubertad precoz o cáncer de mama; incluso se aprecia un efecto protector frente a dicha neoplasia. Se ha reportado el paso transplacentario de isoflavonas de soja y su presencia en la leche materna, sin que ello implique una relación con complicaciones materno-fetales o malformaciones congénitas. La exposición a productos de soja no parece influir sobre el peso corporal y la salud ósea de la mujer. Los estudios en adultos indican que la soja favorece un mínimo incremento de tirotropina (TSH) en personas con antecedente de hipotiroidismo subclínico. El impacto de los alimentos basados en soja sobre la microbiota intestinal parece ser favorable para su diversidad, particularmente al consumir productos fermentados. Muchos de los estudios en humanos han sido realizados con suplementos de isoflavonas o con productos que contienen proteínas aisladas o texturizadas de soja. Por tanto, los resultados y las conclusiones deben interpretarse con cautela ya que no son totalmente extrapolables a las bebidas comerciales de soja.

Abstract Soy drinks are an increasingly consumed option within the Western diet. However, there are concerns about potential endocrine disruptor effects and possible impact on women's reproductive health. This review evaluates scientific documents in gynecology and obstetrics under an evidence-based medicine approach. All methods adhered to PRISMA 2020 declaration guidelines. The evaluated studies do not support a positive association between soy intake and early puberty or breast cancer; instead, a protective effect against such neoplasm was observed. Transplacental passage of soy isoflavones and their presence in breast milk has been reported without any maternal-fetal complications nor congenital malformations. Exposure to soy-derived products appears to have a neutral effect on body weight and bone health. Studies performed in adults indicate that soy may promote a minimal increase in thyrotropin (TSH) in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism. The impact of soy-based foods on gut microbiota appears favorable, especially when consuming fermented products. Many of the human studies have been conducted with isoflavones supplements, isolated or textured soy proteins. Therefore, the results and conclusions should be interpreted cautiously, as these are not entirely applicable to commercial soy beverages.

Resumen: Objetivo: Caracterizar el comportamiento de COVID-19 en niños chilenos hospitalizados en unidades de paciente crítico pediátrico (UPCP) y evaluar factores de riesgo para COVID-19 severo. Pacientes y Método: Estudio multicéntrico cohorte prospectivo, pacientes 0-18 años con SARS-CoV-2 confirmado hospitalizados en UPCP. Se registraron variables clínicas, laboratorio, imagenológicas y terapéuticas. Se comparó “COVID-19 leve/moderado” versus “COVID-19 severo” utilizando mediana con rango intercuartil (RIC), test U Mann-Whitney, Test Fisher de dos colas y análisis multivariado binario forward para ajuste de variables para “COVID-19 severo”. Significativo p < 0,05. Resultados: 219 pacientes, 55,3% hombres, mediana edad 86 meses (RIC: 13,5-156). Comorbilidades principales: obesidad, enfermedades respiratorias. Mortalidad global: 3,6%. “COVID-19 severo” (26,5%) mostró más leucopenia, linfopenia, más inflamación y alteración de órganos (p < 0,05). También desarrolló más Sepsis/shock, SDRA y disfunción de órganos, requirió más terapia hemodinámica, antiinflamatoria, anticoagulación, antibioterapia, con mayor estadía en UPCP/hospitalaria (p < 0,05) y mortalidad de 13,8%. Factores de riesgo asociados a “COVID-19 severo”: shock al ingreso (aOR 28,44 [IC95%: 10,45-77,4]), obesidad (aOR 3,55 [IC95%: 1,3-9,6]), condensación (aOR 3,1 [IC95%: 1,1-8,7]), atelectasia (aOR: 8.7 [IC95%: 1,17-64,3]), corticoides dosis de estrés (aOR 7,7 [IC95%: 1,9-30,6]), antibioterapia precoz (aOR: 12,02 [IC95%: 1,11-130,02]), inmunodeficiencia adquirida/ congénita (aOR: 19,2 [IC95%: 1,19-321]) y patología oncológica (aOR: 10,7 [IC95%: 2,14-47,8]). Conclusión: En esta cohorte pediátrica chilena, el perfil de paciente que ingresó a UPCP fue de sexo masculino en edad escolar con comorbilidad asociada. Factores de riesgo asociados a COVID-19 severo fueron: presencia de comorbilidades (inmunodeficiencia adquirida/congénita, patología oncológica y obesidad), shock al ingreso y condensaciones en las imágenes radiológicas.

Abstract: Objectives: To characterize the COVID-19 disease profile in Chilean children hospitalized in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) and to evaluate risk factors associated with severe COVID-19. Patients and Method: A multicenter prospective cohort study with patients 0-18 years of age with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized in PICU. Clinical, laboratory, imaging, and therapeutic variables were recorded. We compared ”mild/moderate COVID-19” with ’’severe COVID-19” using median with interquartile range (IQR), Mann-Whitney U test, two-tailed Fisher’s test, and forward binary multivariate analysis to adjust variables for “severe COVID-19”. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: From 16 PICUs, 219 patients were recruited, 55.3% were male, with a median age of 86 months (IQR: 13.5-156). The most frequent comorbidities were obesity and respiratory diseases. Overall mortality was 3.6%. “Severe COVID-19” (26.5%) showed more leukopenia, lymphopenia, increased inflammatory parameters, and altered organ function (p < 0.05). It also developed more sepsis/shock, ARDS, and organ dysfunction, requiring more hemodynamic, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulation, and antibiotic therapy, with a longer stay in the PICU/hospital (p < 0.05), and 13.8% of mortality. Risk factors associated with “severe COVID-19” were shock on admission to the PICU [aOR 28.44 (95%CI 10.45-77.4)], obesity [aOR 3.55 (95%CI 1.3-9.6)], consolidation [aOR 3.1 (95%CI 1.1 -8.7)], atelectasis [aOR: 8.7 (95%CI 1.17-64.3)], stress dose of corticosteroids [aOR 7.7 (95%CI 1.9-30.6)], early antibiotic therapy [aOR: 12.02 (95%CI 1.11-130.02)], acquired/congenital immunodeficiency [aOR: 19.2 (95%CI: 1.19-321)], and oncological pathology [aOR 10.7 (95%CI 2.14-47.8)]. Conclusion: In this Chilean pediatric cohort, most patients with COVID-19 admitted to de PICU were male, of school age, with associated comorbidity. Risk factors for developing severe COVID-19 were the presence of comorbidities such as acquired/congenital immunodeficiency, oncological pathology, and obesity, in addition to shock on admission and consolidations on X-rays.

Resumen Antecedentes: Una ostomía influye significativamente en la vida de la persona, alterando su esfera biopsicosocial y sexual, y afectando a sus relaciones interpersonales. Material y método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Mediante un cuestionario dirigido a profesionales de un área sanitaria de Madrid, se analizan variables sociodemográficas, conocimientos de los profesionales, derivación del paciente a un especialista según la valoración del profesional encuestado y sentimientos que produce en ellos el tema de estudio. Resultados: El 49% afirma tener conocimientos nulos sobre la sexualidad del paciente ostomizado. El 55.9% de los encuestados considera que el sanitario es quien debe introducir el tema de la sexualidad durante la entrevista clínica. El 48.5 y el 85.2% desconocen tratamientos para la disfunción sexual, masculina y femenina, respectivamente. Conclusión: Los datos demuestran que la formación impartida en los centros universitarios es insuficiente para tratar de forma efectiva este tema en la consulta. Los participantes en el estudio muestran nulo o mínimo conocimiento sobre la esfera sexualidad en el paciente ostomizado Se detectan deficiencias de conocimiento en relación con la sexualidad del ostomizado, dificultad para hablar de sexo con el paciente y valor que da el profesional a la esfera sexual en su paciente, entre otras.

Abstract Background: An ostomy significantly influences a person's life, altering their biopsychosocial and sexual sphere and affecting their interpersonal relationships. Materials and methods: Through an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study, with a questionnaire aimed at professionals from a health area in Madrid, we analyzed: sociodemographic variables, knowledge of the professionals on the subject, referral of the patient according to the professional's assessment and feelings that the subject under study produces in the patient and in professionals. Results: 49% claimed to have no knowledge about sexuality of the ostomyzed patients. 55.9% of those surveyed consider that the healthcare provider is the one who should introduce the topic of sexuality during the clinical interview. 48.5 and 85.2% are unaware of treatments for male and female sexual dysfunction, respectively. Conclusions: The data show that the training provided in the university centers is insufficient to deal effectively with this issue in the medical consultation. The participants manifest null or minimal knowledge about the sexual sphere in ostomized patients. Knowledge deficiencies are detected in relation to the sexuality of the ostomized patient, difficulty in talking about sex with these patients, and the importance that sanitary professionals give to the patient's sexual sphere, among others.

Abstract The conservation of Protected Areas (PAs) in the Galapagos Islands has reached several acknowledgments: Natural Heritage of Humanity, Biosphere Reserve, Marine Sanctuary, Ramsar Site, etc. One of the reasons to achieve this recognition is the availability of scientific knowledge generated by important institutions such as the Charles Darwin Foundation (CDF). This knowledge helps to provide the local environmental authority (GNPD, Galapagos National Park Directorate) with scientific evidence for decision-making. Nonetheless, there is the challenge of offering greater accessibility to information and evaluating the advances toward the Sustainability Development Objectives (SDOs). At the same time and according to current trends, scientific research which is based on collaborative, providing transparency of all the phases included in research builds the concept of open science, demonstrating the main idea behind information management. This article intends to present the first steps to open science that our institution is working on. We present a CDF projects visualizer and the provision of a geoportal with data from the Plan Galapagos 2030 in collaboration with the Government Council of the Galapagos Special Regime. Secondly, we will develop an assessment of the impact of the opening of these datasets and its visualizers. That is to say, we will analyze the qualities and observations perceived by the community, regarding the disposition of the published visualizer and geoportal; which will also allow for the identification of identifying the main challenges and uncertainties towards the growth and implementation of open science for CDF's scientific production.

Resumen La conservación de las AAPP del Archipiélago de Galápagos ha alcanzado un sinnúmero de reconocimientos: Patrimonio Natural de la Humanidad, Reserva de la Biosfera, Santuario Marino, Sitio Ramsar, etc. Esto gracias a, entre otras actividades, al conocimiento técnico/científico generado a partir de instituciones como la Fundación Charles Darwin (FCD). Este conocimiento provee a la autoridad ambiental local (DPNG, Dirección del Parque Nacional Galápagos) de evidencia científica para la toma de decisiones en el manejo de la Reserva Marina y del Parque Nacional. De acuerdo a las tendencias actuales, existe el reto de tener una mayor accesibilidad a la información, específicamente a la investigación científica de la FCD. El concepto de ciencia abierta que se pretende implementar se basa en el trabajo colaborativo y datos FAIR, siendo este el ideal de hacia donde la gestión de la información apunta. Este artículo pretende presentar los inicios hacia la ciencia abierta por parte de la FCD. Un visualizador de los proyectos científicos institucionales y un geoportal de datos sobre el Plan de Desarrollo Sustentable y Ordenamiento Territorial del Régimen Especial de Galápagos (Plan Galápagos 2030); han sido los primeros pasos concretos para poner a disposición el libre acceso a la información. En segundo lugar, se realizará una evaluación del impacto de la apertura de esta información: es decir se analizarán las percepciones de los visualizadores publicados; lo que permitirá identificar los retos hacia la implantación de la ciencia abierta para la producción científica de la FCD.

Resumen Este trabajo explora desde el enfoque instrumental cómo una entrevista de autoconfrontación puede potenciar el aprendizaje experiencial en el practicum en la formación inicial docente. Para ello, se analiza con la técnica de categorías conceptualizantes un grupo de 5 profesores en formación (PF) que se confrontaron a su propia actividad de práctica. Los resultados muestran que los PF se apropian del ejercicio desplegando emociones, reflexiones y aprendizajes diversos. Las perturbaciones y la verbalización de la acción profesional para resolverlas permite identificar la movilización de saberes diversos. Sobre esta base, se sugieren pistas para repensar las situaciones de retroalimentación formador-PF.

Abstract From an instrumental standpoint, this paper investigates how a self-confrontation interview can promote experiential learning in the practicum in initial teacher training. The conceptualizing categories technique was used to analyze a group of five trainee teachers (TT) who were faced with their own practicum activity. The findings indicate that the TTs appropriated the exercise by displaying a wide range of emotions, reflections, and learning. Disturbances and the verbalization of professional action to resolve them enable the identification of diverse knowledge mobilization. On this basis, we propose some ways for rethinking trainer-TT feedback situations.

Resumen Desde el examen crítico de una visión deficitaria de la formación inicial docente, este artículo explora cómo ha sido utilizada la noción de “cultura” para estudiar esta formación y, eventualmente, contribuir con elaborar una visión comprensiva de la misma. Para ello, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en bases en español, inglés y francés cuyo corpus final fue de 141 textos. Los resultados, primero, delinean un mapa del campo a partir de la identificación de tres temáticas centrales; luego, analizan en profundad las nociones y usos del concepto de cultura de 30 artículos del corpus, generando coordenadas precisas en el mapa. Las conclusiones indican que la noción de cultura ofrece una visión comprensiva y no deficitaria de la formación inicial docente, discutiéndose las potenciales pistas de investigación que se abren.

Abstract Based on a critical examination of a deficient view of pre-service teacher education, this article explores how the notion of “culture” has been used to study teacher education and eventually, to contribute to elaborating a comprehensive view of pre-service teacher education. A bibliographic review of databases in Spanish, English, and French was carried out, with a final corpus of 141 texts. The results first delineated a field map with three central topics, followed by an in-depth analysis of the notions and uses of the concept of culture in thirty articles from the corpus; lastly, precise coordinates were generated on the map. The conclusions indicate that the notion of culture offers a comprehensive, non-deficient view of pre-service teacher education, with a discussion of the potential vias of research.

Resumen Introducción: Los países de ingresos bajos y medianos tienen problemas en el acceso y la provisión de atención quirúrgica, lo cual ocasiona un alto número de fallecimientos y de personas con discapacidad. Objetivo: Estimar la capacidad para la atención quirúrgica y de pacientes traumatizados en los hospitales públicos en la región de Piura, Perú, un país de ingreso mediano. Métodos: En los hospitales públicos de la región peruana de Piura se aplicó una encuesta que combinaba las versiones en español de las encuestas PIPES e INTACT y de la herramienta de análisis situacional de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Se evaluó la magnitud del evento mediante las diferencias absolutas entre las medianas de los puntajes calculados y pruebas bilaterales de Mann-Whitney según la ubicación geográfica y el nivel de complejidad hospitalaria. Resultados: Se evaluaron siete hospitales públicos que realizan cirugía en la región de Piura. Tres provincias (3/8) no contaban con instituciones sanitarias con complejidad de hospital. La mediana de los hospitales de las provincias periféricas tuvo tendencia a ser menor que la de la provincia capital en la INTACT (8,25 vs. 9,5, p = 0,04). Asimismo, se hallaron problemas de abastecimiento de agua (2/7), ausencia de incinerador (3/7), falta de funcionamiento permanente de tomógrafo (5/7) y problemas con el horario de funcionamiento de los bancos de sangre, ya que no funcionaban las 24 horas del día en 2 hospitales (2/7). Conclusiones: Se describe la alta desigualdad entre las provincias de la región en la capacidad de atención de trauma y varias carencias en la infraestructura sanitaria del sector público. Esta información es necesaria para desarrollar futura investigación de medición de capacidades en todos los establecimientos públicos y privados de la región peruana de Piura.

Abstract Introduction: Low and medium income countries face challenges in access and delivery of surgical care, resulting in a high number of deaths and disabled individuals. Objective: To estimate the capacity to provide surgical and trauma care in public hospitals in the Piura region, Perú, a middle income country. Methods: A survey was administered in public hospitals in the Peruvian region of Piura, which combined the Spanish versions of the PIPES and INTACT surveys, and the WHO situational analysis tool. The extent of the event was assessed based in the absolute differences between the medians of the scores estimated, and the Mann-Whitney bilateral tests, according to the geographical location and the level of hospital complexity. Results: Seven public hospitals that perform surgeries in the Piura region were assessed. Three provinces (3/8) did not have any complexity healthcare institutions. The average hospital in the peripheral provinces tended to be smaller than in the capital province in INTACT (8.25 vs. 9.5, p = 0.04). Additionally, water supply issues were identified (2/7), lack of incinerator (3/7), lack of uninterrupted availability of a CT-scanner (5/7) and problems with working hours; in other words, the blood banks in two hospitals were not open 24 hours. Conclusions: There is a significant inequality among the provinces in the region in terms of their trauma care capacities and several shortfalls in the public sector healthcare infrastructure. This information is required to conduct future research on capacity measurements in every public and private institution in the Peruvian region of Piura.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever as características clínicas e os diferentes fenótipos de crianças com síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica na criança temporalmente relacionada com a COVID-19 (do inglês multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children — MIS-C) e avaliar as condições de risco que favorecem a maior gravidade da doença durante um período de 12 meses em um hospital pediátrico de referência na Colômbia. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 12 meses de observação de crianças menores de 18 anos que cumprem os critérios para o MIS-C. Resultados: Vinte e oito crianças foram apresentadas com os critérios do MIS-C. A idade média era de sete anos, e 54% eram do sexo masculino. Para além da febre (100%) (com início quatro dias antes da admissão), as características clínicas mais frequentes eram gastrointestinais (86%) e mucocutâneas (61%). Quatorze crianças (50%) apresentavam sintomas semelhantes aos de Kawasaki. As anomalias ecocardiográficas mais frequentes foram derrame pericárdico (64%), envolvimento valvar (68%), disfunção ventricular (39%) e anomalias coronárias (29%). Tinham linfopenia 75% das crianças. Todas tinham algum teste de coagulação anormal. A maioria recebeu imunoglobulina intravenosa (89%), glucocorticoides (82%), vasopressores (54%) e antibióticos (64%). Tiveram envolvimento mais grave 61% dos pacientes, que precisaram ser internados em unidade de terapia intensiva (mediana de quatro dias, média de seis dias); os preditores de gravidade foram pacientes com fenótipo inflamatório/ MIS-C (odds ratio — OR 26,5; intervalo de confiança — IC95% 1,4–503,7; p=0,029) e erupção cutânea (OR 14,7; IC95% 1,2–178,7; p=0,034). Dois pacientes (7%) apresentavam síndrome de ativação macrofágica. Conclusões: Alteração da artéria coronária, disfunção ventricular e internação na unidade de terapia intensiva foram frequentes, o que nos alerta sobre a importância da suspeita clínica precoce.

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and the different phenotypes of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) temporally related to COVID-19 and to evaluate the risk conditions that favored a greater severity of the disease during a 12-month period at a pediatric reference hospital in Colombia. Methods: A 12-month retrospective observational study of children under the age of 18 years who met criteria for MIS-C. Results: A total of 28 children presented MIS-C criteria. The median age was 7 years. Other than fever (100%) (onset 4 days prior to admission), the most frequent clinical features were gastrointestinal (86%) and mucocutaneous (61%). Notably, 14 (50%) children had Kawasaki-like symptoms. The most frequent echocardiographic abnormalities were pericardial effusion (64%), valvular involvement (68%), ventricular dysfunction (39%), and coronary artery abnormalities (29%). In addition, 75% had lymphopenia. All had at least one abnormal coagulation test. Most received intravenous immunoglobulin (89%), glucocorticoids (82%), vasopressors (54%), and antibiotics (64%). Notably, 61% had a more severe form of the disease and were admitted to an intensive care unit (median 4 days, mean 6 days); the severity predictors were patients with the inflammatory/MIS-C phenotype (OR 26.5; 95%CI 1.40–503.7; p=0.029) and rash (OR 14.7; 95%CI 1.2–178.7; p=0.034). Two patients had macrophage activation syndrome. Conclusions: Coronary artery abnormalities, ventricular dysfunction, and intensive care unit admission were frequent, which needs to highlight the importance of early clinical suspicion.

Abstract: Objectives: To characterize the COVID-19 disease profile in Chilean children hospitalized in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) and to evaluate risk factors associated with severe COVID-19. Patients and Method: A multicenter prospective cohort study with patients 0-18 years of age with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized in PICU. Clinical, laboratory, imaging, and therapeutic variables were recorded. We compared ”mild/moderate COVID-19” with ’’severe COVID-19” using median with interquartile range (IQR), Mann-Whitney U test, two-tailed Fisher’s test, and forward binary multivariate analysis to adjust variables for “severe COVID-19”. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: From 16 PICUs, 219 patients were recruited, 55.3% were male, with a median age of 86 months (IQR: 13.5-156). The most frequent comorbidities were obesity and respiratory diseases. Overall mortality was 3.6%. “Severe COVID-19” (26.5%) showed more leukopenia, lymphopenia, increased inflammatory parameters, and altered organ function (p < 0.05). It also developed more sepsis/shock, ARDS, and organ dysfunction, requiring more hemodynamic, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulation, and antibiotic therapy, with a longer stay in the PICU/hospital (p < 0.05), and 13.8% of mortality. Risk factors associated with “severe COVID-19” were shock on admission to the PICU [aOR 28.44 (95%CI 10.45-77.4)], obesity [aOR 3.55 (95%CI 1.3-9.6)], consolidation [aOR 3.1 (95%CI 1.1 -8.7)], atelectasis [aOR: 8.7 (95%CI 1.17-64.3)], stress dose of corticosteroids [aOR 7.7 (95%CI 1.9-30.6)], early antibiotic therapy [aOR: 12.02 (95%CI 1.11-130.02)], acquired/congenital immunodeficiency [aOR: 19.2 (95%CI: 1.19-321)], and oncological pathology [aOR 10.7 (95%CI 2.14-47.8)]. Conclusion: In this Chilean pediatric cohort, most patients with COVID-19 admitted to de PICU were male, of school age, with associated comorbidity. Risk factors for developing severe COVID-19 were the presence of comorbidities such as acquired/congenital immunodeficiency, oncological pathology, and obesity, in addition to shock on admission and consolidations on X-rays.

Resumen: Objetivo: Caracterizar el comportamiento de COVID-19 en niños chilenos hospitalizados en unidades de paciente crítico pediátrico (UPCP) y evaluar factores de riesgo para COVID-19 severo. Pacientes y Método: Estudio multicéntrico cohorte prospectivo, pacientes 0-18 años con SARS-CoV-2 confirmado hospitalizados en UPCP. Se registraron variables clínicas, laboratorio, imagenológicas y terapéuticas. Se comparó “COVID-19 leve/moderado” versus “COVID-19 severo” utilizando mediana con rango intercuartil (RIC), test U Mann-Whitney, Test Fisher de dos colas y análisis multivariado binario forward para ajuste de variables para “COVID-19 severo”. Significativo p < 0,05. Resultados: 219 pacientes, 55,3% hombres, mediana edad 86 meses (RIC: 13,5-156). Comorbilidades principales: obesidad, enfermedades respiratorias. Mortalidad global: 3,6%. “COVID-19 severo” (26,5%) mostró más leucopenia, linfopenia, más inflamación y alteración de órganos (p < 0,05). También desarrolló más Sepsis/shock, SDRA y disfunción de órganos, requirió más terapia hemodinámica, antiinflamatoria, anticoagulación, antibioterapia, con mayor estadía en UPCP/hospitalaria (p < 0,05) y mortalidad de 13,8%. Factores de riesgo asociados a “COVID-19 severo”: shock al ingreso (aOR 28,44 [IC95%: 10,45-77,4]), obesidad (aOR 3,55 [IC95%: 1,3-9,6]), condensación (aOR 3,1 [IC95%: 1,1-8,7]), atelectasia (aOR: 8.7 [IC95%: 1,17-64,3]), corticoides dosis de estrés (aOR 7,7 [IC95%: 1,9-30,6]), antibioterapia precoz (aOR: 12,02 [IC95%: 1,11-130,02]), inmunodeficiencia adquirida/ congénita (aOR: 19,2 [IC95%: 1,19-321]) y patología oncológica (aOR: 10,7 [IC95%: 2,14-47,8]). Conclusión: En esta cohorte pediátrica chilena, el perfil de paciente que ingresó a UPCP fue de sexo masculino en edad escolar con comorbilidad asociada. Factores de riesgo asociados a COVID-19 severo fueron: presencia de comorbilidades (inmunodeficiencia adquirida/congénita, patología oncológica y obesidad), shock al ingreso y condensaciones en las imágenes radiológicas.

Abstract The fruit of Spondias purpurea L. is well accepted from different regions of Latin America. In many cases, however, their postharvest quality and physiological behavior have not been adequately studied. These aspects were therefore examined in five commercially grown ecotypes from Mexico. To this end, samples of green-, half ripe-, and ripe-harvested fruit were stored at 25 °C (60 % RH) for 5 d – with several indicators of quality and postharvest behavior periodically assessed. Four out of the five ecotypes examined produced drupes that were large (> 15 g in ‘Costeña’, ‘Amarilla’, ‘Morada’, and ‘Costilluda’). On the other hand, large differences in weight loss (5–21 %) and in the total soluble solids of ripe fruit (9–17 %) were apparent, as was a 9.3 % increase in the weight of drupes when they transitioned from the green to the half ripe stage on trees, suggesting that harvesting should take place during this period. Increments in the production of CO2 and ethylene were both associated with a shortening of postharvest life. Based strictly on firmness, the ecotypes most likely to resist postharvest handling were ‘Morada’ and ‘Conservera’. Best global quality on the other hand, belonged to ‘Amarilla’ and ‘Costeña’

Resumo O fruto de Spondias purpureaL. é bem aceito em diferentes regiões da América Latina. Entretanto, a qualidade e o comportamento fisiológico pós-colheita nesta fruta não têm sido bem estudados. Portanto, alguns destes aspetos foram avaliados em cinco dos ecótipos cultivados comercialmente no México. Amostras de frutascolhidas em estado verde, meio madura e madura foram armazenadas a 25 °C (60 % UR),por 5 dias, durante os quais foram avaliados indicadores de qualidade e ocomportamento pós-colheita. Quatro dos cinco ecótipos em avaliação apresentavam drupasgrandes (> 15g): ‘Costeña’, ‘Amarilla’, ‘Morada’ e ‘Costilluda’. As maiores diferençasobtidas em perda no peso (5–21%) e nos sólidos solúveis totais da fruta madura (9–17%) são sóaparentes, já que houve aumento de 9,3% no peso das drupas quando estas passam da fase verde a meio madura nas árvores, sugerindo que a colheita deve acontecer neste estádio.Incrementos na produção do CO2 e do etileno foram associados à diminuição na longevidadepós-colheita. Fundamentados, somente na firmeza da fruta, os ecótipos com a maior possibilidade de resistir ao manuseio pós-colheita foram o ‘Morada’ e o ‘Conservera’.Entretanto, em geral, a melhor qualidade corresponde ao ‘Amarilla’ e ao ‘Costeña’.

Abstract: In this interview, Professor Olga Restrepo Forero talks about the origins, development, particularities, and perspectives of Science and Technology Studies (STS) in Colombia. According to her, STS in this country has been characterized by a cosmopolitan orientation; and, in that sense, its history has been characterized by ambivalence towards tradition. Professor Restrepo explains that the origins and institutionalization of the field in the country did not necessarily imply breaks from or continuities with preceding schools of thought. She discusses key milestones in its development, highlighting the importance of editorial projects, which have served both to make the field known in other academic spaces and to attract scholars whose sensibilities are close to STS. Reflecting on the future of the field in this country, Professor Restrepo observes that, to a large extent, the new generation of students not only seeks to understand the phenomena associated with the development of science and technology but also has the vocation to change the state of affairs in the world.

Resumen: En esta entrevista, la profesora Olga Restrepo Forero habla sobre los orígenes, desarrollo, particularidades y perspectivas de los estudios sociales de la ciencia y la tecnología (ESCT) en Colombia. Según ella, este campo en Colombia se ha caracterizado por tener una orientación cosmopolita; en ese sentido, su historia en Colombia se ha caracterizado por una ambivalencia frente a la tradición. Restrepo Forero explica que los orígenes y el proceso de institucionalización del campo en el país no implicaron necesariamente rupturas o continuidades con escuelas de pensamiento precedentes. Se abordan hitos clave en su desarrollo, en los que destaca la importancia de los proyectos editoriales que han servido, tanto para dar a conocer el campo en otros espacios académicos, como para atraer a académicos con sensibilidades cercanas a los estudios de ciencia y tecnología. Al reflexionar sobre el futuro del campo en Colombia, observa que, en gran medida, la nueva generación de estudiantes busca, no solo entender los fenómenos asociados con el desarrollo de la ciencia y la tecnología, sino que tienen vocación por cambiar el estado de cosas en el mundo.

Resumen: Introducción: El litio es una molécula farmacológica que se utiliza de forma común en pacientes con trastorno afectivo bipolar. Por su similitud química con el sodio puede generar alteraciones que repercuten directamente en sus concentraciones plasmáticas. Las complicaciones que se pueden presentar son diabetes insípida nefrogénica, disfunción tiroidea y algunos defectos del sistema nervioso central como nistagmos, ataxia, tremor, fasciculaciones, convulsiones y coma. Objetivo: Presentar el caso de una paciente con síndrome de alteración del estado de conciencia secundario a intoxicación por litio. Caso clínico: Mujer de 61 años con antecedente de trastorno afectivo bipolar quien presentó síndrome de alteración del estado de conciencia asociado a una intoxicación por litio, por lo cual se retiró el medicamento y se realizaron sesiones de hemodiálisis, obteniendo una adecuada respuesta con mejoría de la función renal y normalización de los valores séricos de litio (0.76 mmol/L). Conclusiones: El litio puede conllevar alteraciones a nivel renal que se asocian con modificaciones en los electrolitos séricos. Esto puede facilitar la aparición de síntomas o cuadros neurológicos, como se evidenció en el presento caso.

Abstract: Introduction: Lithium is a pharmacological molecule that is commonly used in patients with bipolar affective disorder. Due to its chemical similarity to sodium, alterations in the latter have a direct effect on its plasma concentrations. Among the complications that can occur are nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, thyroid dysfunction, and some central nervous system defects such as nystagmus, ataxia, tremor, fasciculations, seizures, and coma. Objective: To present the case of a patient with a syndrome of altered state of consciousness secondary to lithium poisoning coincide. Clinical case: 61-year-old woman with a history of bipolar affective disorder who presented the syndrome of altered state of consciousness associated with lithium poisoning, for which reason the drug was withdrawn and hemodialysis sessions were carried out, obtaining an adequate response. with improvement of renal function and normalization of serum lithium values (0.76 mmol / L). Conclusions: Lithium may involve alterations at the renal level that are associated with modifications in serum electrolytes. This can facilitate the appearance of neurological symptoms or symptoms, as evidence in the present case.

Resumen Introducción: El estrés en la comunidad LGB está asociada a su orientación sexual, violencia o discriminación, eventos estresantes los cuales son distintos a los reportados por personas heterosexuales. La literatura reporta relación del nivel de estrés con problemáticas de salud mental, de mayor intensidad y frecuencia en la población LGB. Objetivo: El propósito fue identificar las situaciones estresantes, estrategias de afrontamiento y emociones asociadas en la comunidad LGB. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con un diseño no experimental de tipo transversal, mediante un muestreo no probabilístico; participaron 272 hombres y mujeres de 14 a 56 años. Se empleó el Cuestionario de Emociones, Estrés y Afrontamiento de Vega et al. (2012). Resultados: Los participantes homosexuales, bisexuales y lesbianas coinciden en reportar en primer lugar situaciones de comunicar su orientación sexual, las situaciones restantes son escolares, laborales y de discriminación por pertenecer a la comunidad LGB. Los participantes usan estrategias de afrontamiento centradas en la acción y en la emoción en proporciones similares (48 %50 %). Las emociones asociadas a situaciones estresantes son ansiedad, temor, vergüenza, culpa. En situaciones placenteras reportan también emociones negativas. Conclusiones: El tipo de situaciones estresantes son distintas en estas poblaciones, debido a que enfrentan con mayor frecuencia eventos relacionados con discriminación o confrontación por su orientación sexual. Se aporta información sobre qué y cómo se afrontan las situaciones que generan estrés en población LGB. Se sugiere generar intervenciones cognitivoconductuales de regulación emocional y afrontamiento efectivo.

Resumo Introdução: O estresse na comunidade LGB está associado à sua orientação sexual, violência ou discriminação, eventos estressantes diferentes dos relatados por pessoas heterossexuais. A literatura relata uma relação entre o nível de estresse e problemas de saúde mental, de maior intensidade e frequência na população LGB. Objetivo: O objetivo foi identificar situações estressantes, estratégias de enfrentamento e emoções associadas na comunidade LGB. Método: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo com delineamento transversal não experimental, utilizando amostragem não probabilística, com a participação de 272 homens e mulheres com idades entre 14 e 56 anos. O Questionário de Emoções, Estresse e Enfrentamento de Vega et al. (2012). Resultados: Os participantes homossexuais, bissexuais e lésbicas concordam no primeiro relato de situações de comunicação de sua orientação sexual, as demais situações são escola, trabalho e discriminação por pertencer à comunidade LGB. Os participantes usam estratégias de enfrentamento focadas na ação e na emoção em proporções semelhantes (48 % 50 %). As emoções associadas a situações estressantes são ansiedade, medo, vergonha, culpa. Em situações agradáveis também relatam emoções negativas. Conclusões: Os tipos de situações estressantes são diferentes nestas populações, pois enfrentam mais frequentemente eventos relacionados à discriminação ou confronto devido à sua orientação sexual. São fornecidas informações sobre o que e como as situações geradoras de estresse na população LGB são enfrentadas. Sugere-se gerar intervenções cognitivo-comportamentais para regulação emocional e enfrentamento eficaz.

Abstract Introduction: Stress in the LGB community is associated with their sexual orientation, violence or discrimination, stressful events which are different from those reported by heterosexual people. The literature reports a relationship between the level of stress and mental health problems, of greater intensity and frequency in the LGB population. Objective: The purpose was to identify stressful situations, coping strategies and associated emotions in the LGB community. Method: A descriptive study was carried out with a non-experimental cross-sectional design, through non-probabilistic sampling, with the participation of 272 men and women aged 14 to 56 years. The Questionnaire of Emotions, Stress and Coping of Vega et al. (2012). Results: Homosexual, bisexual and lesbian participants agree in first reporting situations of communicating their sexual orientation, the remaining situations are school, work and discrimination for belonging to the LGB community. Participants use action-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies in similar proportions (48 % 50 %). Emotions associated with stressful situations are anxiety, fear, shame, guilt. In pleasant situations they also report negative emotions. Conclusions: The type of stressful situations are different in these populations because they more frequently face events related to discrimination or confrontation due to their sexual orientation. Information is provided on what and how situations that generate stress in the LGB population are coped with. It is suggested to generate cognitive behavioral interventions for emotional regulation and effective coping.